Railroad-cabs



2 Sheets--Sheet 1. A

C. PEPPER. A Car Heater.

Patented April 20, 1858.

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UNITED STATES PATENT oEEicE.

CALVIN PEPPER, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK, \ASSIGNOR TO NELSON R. SCOVEL, OFSAME PLAGE.

METHOD lOF VENTILATING- RAILROAD-CARS.

Specification of-Letters Patent No. 20,021, dated April 20, 1858.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

lBe it known that I, CALVIN PEPPER, of the city and county of Albany andState of New York, have invented, made, and applied to use certain newand useful Improvements in Ventilators for Railroad-` Cars; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescriptionl of applying my Ventilating apparatus and Fig. 2, is aperspective View of said Ven-v tilating apparatus in larger size. Theother `figures are separately referred to and similar marks of referenceindicate correspond-` ing parts.

The noature of my said invention consists as constructed with a range ofpipes lnstead in leading a current of air into the car in such a mannerthat cinders, dust or other solid particle contained in said current ofair shall be deposited in a water receptacle which I term thepneunometer. In connection with said pneunometer I make use of anapparatus for heating and distributing the current of air in winter, andcan also apply ice to refrigerate or cool t-he current of air passinginto the car in summer; thus not only freeing the air from impurities,but also regulating its temperature. This manner of regulating thetemperature, however, forms no part of the present invention.

In Fig.7 the simple idea of my pneunometer is illustrated, in this adouble trunk or casing A, projects above the roof of the car, havingopenings toward the forward and backward parts of the car, covered withwire guaze as at a. b, is a horizontal pipe open at both ends andpassing air from the trunk A through the chamber C. This chamber C isair tight or nearly so although shown open in the drawing 'forillustration and contains water supplied from the pipe n, or in anyother convenient manner, and an exhaust plug is provided as at p or anysimilar device by which the contents yof the chamber e can be draw olfand said chamber cleaned. The air passing into this chamber C, by thetrunk A and pipe b, is deprived of its dust, cinders or other particlesof solid material by passing over the surface of the water (agitated bythe motion of the car) and escapes into said car by the pipe c. courseact to carry off foul air from the car by the exhaustion produced in thetrunk A, by the velocity of the car, and the mouth of said trunkstanding in the opposite direction to the motion of the car.

Fig. 4L is a representation vof a single pneunometer which may belocated in any desired part of the car and receive its supply from atrunk passing to the outside of the car at either the roof ends, sides,or bottom.

Fig. 5, represents a double pneunometer which might be placed on thesides of the car or between two cars, passing the current of air fromthe chambers E throughv the pipes c and b, and chamber C, into the car.

In Figs. l and 2 my pneunometer is shown of only two, so as to afford alarger area for the Ventilating current. In these figures a;

is a screenat the end of the car or in any convenient position fromwhich air passes into the chamber B, and thence through the pipes b, b,the air is purified in the chamber C, and passed olf by the pipes c, o,into a chamber E, from which the air is admitted by a slide or register0l in to the car in the desired amount. The' pipes c, before reachingthe chamber E pass through a space D, intervening between' the waterchamber C, and air chamber E. In winter time, or when the air admittedis to be heated before coming into the car, I make use of a stove I,

see Fig. l, with the smoke tube F ascending to the space D, and the heatpasses through said space D, beneath the sand box, through which thepipes o, c, before mentioned pass. The water in the space C is thusheated, from rthe space D, and theV air passing through the pipes c, inthe sand box is by the heat of the sand raised to a moderate temperatureand the heat is also conducted to the chamber E, to aid in heating theair therein. t, is the escape smoke pipe from the space D. Two stovesmay be provided one at each end, but the-one at the forward end of thecar can only be used to advantage, because the pneunometer at the rearend of the car only acts to pass away the foul or vitiated air from thecar. To heat the Water in the chamber C, to a higher The oppositeventilator will of temperature particularlyV in cold weather; a pipe mayconnect with said chamber from a hollow ball or water back in the stoveI,

through which the water can be made to circulate, or steam to pass intothe chamber C, from a gradual supply of water to said hollowT ball orwater back. Vertical supply tubes G, may pass from the chamber E, tohorizontal tubes H running along the sides of the car near the floor,and having openings e, e, adjacent to each seat so as to supply freshair at the different parts of the car. By causing said tubes Gr to passthrough the stove or stoves I, as shown the air will be heated to warmas well as ventilate the car, and by inclosing the horiy Zontal pipes H'in a casing containing sand,

I form a foot bath Tas I term it, because the warm air passing throughsaid tubes H, heats the sand surrounding the same and will warm the feetwhen placed on the box; and the sand retaining the heat will serve torender the temperature of the air supplied into the car more uniform,and less subject to fluctuations as the re is made stronger or burnsout.

In Fig. 3, a device is shown that may be used but forms no part of myinvention. A large pneunometer may be placed in the baggage car or atthe engine and hot or cold air passed through the same, and

through pipes located in theceiling and floor in which suitableregisters may be placed, and the said pipes at the ends of the car maybe connected by the rigid or flexible pipes u, from the stationary pipesg or ferrules f in the vessel A, connected to the aforesaid supply pipeswithin the car.

Fig. 6, shows one of these pipes' d, with air openings e, e, inside theceiling of the car, and said air tube may connect throughout the trainand with one pneunometer or be connected to separate pneunometers in thecar itself.

It will be apparent that ice might be used both in the chamber C, andspace D, to cool the air in summer if desired.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is-The manner herein specified of purifying the air as it enters the car,by passing the same through the pneunometer, composed of the tubes b andc, in the water chamber C, for the purposes, and substantially asspecified.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signature this thirtieth dayof June CALVIN PEPPER. Witnesses:

H. P. NUGENT,

A. B. VooRHEEs.

